Ramayanam Tamil Story Pdf

Here is a synopsis and summary of the Ramayana story. There are twosummaries available: a short one and a very detailed, longer version.

ராமாயணம்: The Complete Valmiki Ramayana in Tamil (Set of Five. Inch Pages: 3664 (51 Color Illustrations) Other Details: Weight of the Book: 5.3 kg. Been a fan of both Mahabhratham and Ramayanam since I was a small boy.

Patheos offers free PDFs of the complete Ramayana story.

Book Details

English
Ramayana
Translated by Romesh Chunder Dutt
Elm Press, 1899

Hindi
Valmiki Ramayana
Translated by Dwaraka Prasad Sharma

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Ramayana Short Summary

Dasharatha is the King of Ayodhya and has three wives and four sons, Rama,Lakshmana, Bharata and Shatrughana. Rama is the ideal and perfect son, andgrows up with his brothers. When he comes of age, he marries Sita, the princessof a nearby kingdom. However, Bharata's mother is Kaikeyi, who resents Ramabeing the crown prince. She calls up a debt that Dasharatha owes her and asksfor Rama to be exiled for fourteen years and her son Bharata be made crownprince instead.

The devastated Dasharatha has no choice and Rama prepares to leave forexile. Sita and Lakshmana will not leave his side however and follow him intothe forest. While in the forest, Surphanaka, a female rakshasi (demoness)becomes enamored of Rama and is wounded by Lakshmana while trying to kill Sita.She flees to her brother Khara and asks him to avenge her. However, Khara andhis army are defeated by Rama and Lakshmana, and only one member of theirentire army survives. This lone soldier flees to the island kingdom of Lankaand begs Surphanaka's brother, the mighty king Ravana to avenge them. Ravanahas heard of Sita's beauty and he decides to abduct her. Using trickery andmagic, he manages to lure Rama and Lakshmana away from Sita and kidnaps her,taking her away to Lanka.

Rama and Lakshmana travel far and wide searching for Sita but to no avail.Finally, they come upon a band of vanaras or monkey-men who pledge to help him.One of the might warriors of the vanaras, Hanuman, becomes Rama's staunchdevotee. The vanaras seek out traces of Sita and find she has been taken toLanka. Hanuman flies to Lanka and confirms she is imprisoned there. He contactsSita and informs her of Rama's whereabouts, promising that they will be back torescue her. Before returning to the mainland, Hanuman sets fire to the wholecity of Lanka.

Rama, Lakshmana and the vanar army build a causeway from the tip of India toLanka. They travel to Lanka, where an epic battle follows between the armies.Ravana is finally killed by Rama, and Sita is freed. They return to Ayodhya,where Bharata returns the crown to Rama.

Ramayana Long Summary

The beautiful city of Ayodhya was the capital of the kingdom of Kosala, andwas ruled by Dasharat who was known far and wide for his bravery in battle. Hehad even occasionally helped the gods in their fights against demons-aprivilege that was granted to few mortals. Dasharat's people loved him just asthe gods did, because he was kind and fair, but Dasharat had a deep sadness inhim for in spite of marrying three times he had no heir. His wives, princessesfrom important kingdoms, all remained childless. One day, Vasishta the courtsage advised Dasharat to perform a sacrifice in order to obtain a son.

A sacrificial fire was lit and Vasishta began performing the ceremonialrituals. As he prayed, the flames leaped high into the air and a human formemerged from the fire. Nobody realized that it was Vishnu the Restorer. 'Givethis to your three queens,' Vishnu said to Dasharat and handed him a bowl fullof nectar, 'and they will bear you sons.' Dasharat fell to his knees andthanked the god and rushed to give the precious food to his wives. Not longafterwards Kaushaliya, his first queen, gave birth to a son who was namedRama-Chandra. The second queen, Kaikeyi, gave birth to Bharat; and Sumitra, theyoungest queen, gave birth to the twins Lakshman and Shatrughan.

As the boys grew, Rama-chandra proved himself highly skilled in the ways ofkings and was equally adept in the skills of the warrior. He resembled thesupreme spirit Vishnu, for Vishnu had indeed been partly reborn in him for aspecial purpose on Earth. However, even Ram did not realize that part of himwas a god. Ram was as dark as a rain cloud. His eyes were shaped like thelotus-flower and glistened as blackly as his curly hair. Although his frame wasslight and slim, he had the powerful waist and chest of a lion. His arms wereremarkably long and very powerful and his hands, though strong, had delicatefingers tipped with nails which glittered like mother-of-pearl. And his faceglowed like the clear autumn moon, with the beauty of truth and love. Everyoneloved him and it was obvious he would be a most suitable king. Dasharat,however, had promised his second wife's father when he sought her hand that herson would be the crown prince of Ayodhya. This wife, Kaikeyi, was Dasharat'sfavourite wife and he could not bear to upset her. Fortunately, Kaikeyi agreedwholeheartedly that Ram should be king.

From the beginning, Lakshman was especially deeply attached to his brotherRam as was his twin brother Shatrughan to Bharat, but all four princes lovedeach other deeply and grew up happily together learning arts, scie nces,scriptures and statecraft from Yasishta. One day while they were still youngboys, the great sage Vishvamitra arrived in Dasharat's court.

'I need the help of Ram,' he demanded, 'to slay a demoness who is attackingme.'

'H e is only a child,' protested the king, but Vasishta advised him to letRam go with Vishvamitra.

'He is one of the world's great sages,' he counselled. 'It will bebeneficial for Ram to spend some time with him.'

Unwillingly Dasharat gave in to the pressure put upon him and Ram and hisbrorher Lakshman went back with Vishvamitra to his hermitage. When they arrivedthere, Vishvamitra gave Ram magical weapons and after a bitter fight Ramvanquished the demoness.

'Now,' said the sage, 'you will travel with me to the capital of Vaideha,where King Janak is choosing a husband for his daughter Sita.' This had beenthe real reason why Vishvamitra had wanted Ram to leave the court with him forhe had known that Ram would soon defeat the demoness.

Sita was the daughter of the Earth. While she was a baby, she had appearedto King Janak from a furrow in a ploughed field, and had been brought up as hisdaughter. Sita was in fact another incarnation of Lakshmi, the eternal wife ofVishnu in all his incarnations ; this time she had been reborn to marry Ram.She always left a train of light in her wake as a mark of her divine origin.She was as delicate and graceful as a swan: her raven black hair was threadedwith pearls. Her forehead was like a half-moon, golden and glittering with thejewelled ornaments she wore. Her eyebrows were arched perfectly like a bow andbelow them glowed fawn-like eyes shaded with glistening lashes. Her lips glowedsoft as corals, her neck was slender and dimpled. Her '·oice was as sweet asthe nightingale's song. Everyone who saw Sita loved her instantly.

All Sita's suitors had to enter a contest known as a swayamnra to decide theone who should marry her. A bow of Shiv had been placed the centre of the courtand the one who was able to lift it would be her husband. Hundreds tried andfailed. Then, ro Sita's great joy, Ram nor only lifted the bow, but was strongenough to break it as well. News of Ram's forthcoming wedding was sent toAyodhya. King Dasharat was overjoyed at the news and arrived for thecelebrations. After the festivities were over, Ram, Sita and Dasharat returnedhome where all Ayodhya waited to greet them and more feasting and merrimenttook place to welcome Sita. Finally, a brother of Queen Kaikeyi spoke toDasharat. 'My father wishes his grandson Bharat to return with me to live inour kingdom for several years and learn about our customs. ow that thefestivities are over, Your Majesty, may I take Bharat home with me?'

Reluctantly Dasharat agreed and Bharat left for his grandfather's court.

The years went by and Ram proved to be a kind husband. Sita was a devotedwife and the two were deeply in love. Dasharat missed Bharat and longed to seehim, yet one matter worried him constantly: Ram must be declared king beforeBharat's return, because Dasharat wanted to avoid any arguments about whichbrother should become the new king. The elderly king called a council ofministers, sages and allied kings and announced his decision to crown Ram, Kingof Ayodhya.

The council discussed the matter and unanimously approved his choice. Ramwas called before the assembly and Dasharat officially acknowledged himheir-apparent. Still anxious, the king summoned Ram to his personal chambersthat night and told Ram he would crown him the very next day. Ram was stunnedthat his father was considering holding the coronation before Bharat couldreturn for it. 'Such affairs have the power to create treacherous impulses inthe most faithful of men so it is best to do this quickly,' the king said,brushing aside Ram's protests and Ram was dismissed to fast along with Sita inpreparation for the next day's ceremony.

The king ordered his ministers to make all the necessary arrangements forthe coronation, and went to Kaikeyi's rooms to give her the news. 'Your queenis in the Chamber of Protest, my liege,' said Kaikeyi's servant.

The Chamber of Protest was reserved for any queen with a complaint and hadnever been used during Dasharat's reign. He made his way there anxiously.Kaikeyi lay sprawled on the floor of her chamber, her hair disshevelled, herjewels scattered across the floor, and she was weeping and lamenting. Dash arat fell to his knees and stroked her hair gently, asking, 'Who has upset you,my beloved queen'

'No-one,' she replied, 'but I ask you for the two wishes you promised when Isaved you on the battlefield. If you choose not to grant them, I shall killmyself.'

Dasharat remained silent a moment as that battle flashed through his mind.The god Indra had asked Dasharat to fight the demon Shambar who was plaguingthe gods. Dasharat had defeated the demon armies but was left lying severelywounded on the battlefield with little chance of living. Kaikeyi, who hadinsisted on accompanying him to battle, had him carried to her tent and nursedhim night and day until he recovered. The king had been so grateful he hadpromised to grant Kaikeyi two wishes.

'You are alive, my lord,' Kaikeyi had replied, 'I need nothing else. Let mesave my wishes and ask for them when I need them.'

'You and Ram are dearer to me than anything else in the world,' the king nowsaid, realizing that Kaikeyi was about to ask him for something he would findpainful to grant. 'I swear that I shall do what you want.'

'Then first I wish you to send Ram into exile for fourteen years and secondI wish you to proclaim Bharat king,' Kaikeyi said swiftly. Dasharat wasbroken-hearted. He could not believe that Kaikeyi, who had always said sheloved Ram more than her own son and had often suggested he should be king, hadnow changed her mind completely. He argued with Kaikeyi throughout the night,but Kaikeyi's mind was made up and Dasharat knew he must keep his promise toKaikeyi and her father. When morning came, the king was utterly worn down. Hewas distressed by the idea of losing his beloved son in his own old age, andcould not bring himself to speak to Ram when the young prince came to get hisblessing before the coronation.

Ram was concerned, 'Have I upset my father' he wondered, then looking atKaikeyi's harsh expression, he asked.

'Have I displeased the king' Tell me mother, why does my father looks sodejected' 'Then listen, Ram,' replied Kaikeyi sternly. 'Your father loves youmore than even his honour so he hesitates to command you to go into exile forfourteen years, while Bharat is crowned and established king of Ayodhya.'Thank you for telling me mother,' Ram said. 'There is no greater virtue thanto obey one's parents. I will leave immediately. Bharat will make an ableking.'

Ram sadly said farewell to his heartbroken father and then went to QueenKaushaliya, his real mother, to say goodbye to her. He explained how thedecision had come about and begged her to be kind to Dasharat who was deeplyunhappy at Ram's exile. Although grief-stricken, Kaushaliya agreed with Ram,praying for his happiness in exile. Then Ram went to say goodbye to Sita and tocomfort her but Sita refused to be separated from her husband.

'If you can to live in hardship away from home and your beloved family,' shesaid, 'then I will go with you. How can I be happy living in luxury withoutyou' His brother Lakshman also refused to stay behind and that very day theyleft the kingdom. Ram led the way, dressed like a holy man, with tangled hairand a leopard skin to cover his body. The only sign that he was a warrior wasthe quiver of arrows which hung from his shoulder and his precious bow.

The three left the city of Ayodhya and made their way across the RiverGanges and up into the mountains and forests of the Himalayas where they liveda holy life, filled with fasting and prayer.

The months passed and one day Ram was meditating when he sensed adisturbance in the forest. The birds were flying from the trees and animalswere scurrying away to hide in the undergrowth. Lakshman climbed to the top ofa tall tree to see what was causing the turmoil. ' It is Bharat,' he shouteddown to Ram. 'He is coming with an army of men. o doubt he wants to make histhrone more secure by killing us.'

Ram shook his head wisely . 'Bharat is a good man,' he replied. 'It isbecause he loves us that he has made the journey. He probably wants us to comeback to Ayodhya.'

Ram's words calmed his quick-tempered brother. When Bharat arrived hegreeted his brothers with affection. Then he said, 'You should be in Ayodhya,Ram. Our father has died of grief and our country needs its true king. Youshould be on the throne, ruling the kingdom . Let me remain here to serve outyour exile fo r you while you return to Ayodhya.' Ram hugged his brother and said gen tl y. 'Our father gave his word to Kaikeyi that her wishes would befulfilled. It is our duty to ensure his word is kept.' Bharat and the wise manVasishta who had accompanied him pleaded with Ram to change his mind, but Ramwas determined to obey his father's instructions as well as he could. Realizing this, Bharat held out a pair of golden slippers he had brought withhim.

' Put your feet into these a moment,' he told Ram and when Ram had done so,Bharat picked up the slippers reverently.

' I will place these slippers by your throne as a token that it is reallyyour ,' he said, 'and I will rule the kingdom in your name until you return.But if you do not return in fourteen years, I will burn myself on a funeralpyre.' Then he left his brothers and returned to Ayodhya.

After Bharat had left, Ram decided to move o n. The three travelled deeperinto the forest and soon met some hermits.

'We are constantly plagued br the demons and other monsters which infestthis forest,' said the holy men. 'They kill several of us each day, just forsport. We know you are Ram the mighty warrior. We want you to give us your wordthat you will protect us from these fearsome monsters.'

Ram promised to defend the holy men and the three continued their journeyinto the forest until they met a wise man named Sutikshin. 'I can see that youwill have many demons to fight in the future,' Sutikshin told them, 'and youwill often be the conquerur. But beware of a gazelle who plays in a forestglade for n IS a sign of ill fortune.'

one of them understood h1s mytenous words, but they thanked him and set offagam on their journey. After a time the' arm·ed at a lake where they heardexquisite ,.o1ces smgmg, the voices of five heavenly maidens who had oncedescended there from heaven. Ram decided to build a home with Sita and Lakshmanon the shores of the beautiful lake. For ten years they lived there and Ramcontinued to keep his promise to protect the holy men from the monsters anddemons of the forest. He did it so well that eventually there were no moremonsters.

Ram and his companions decided to set out on their travels. On their way,they met an enormous vu lture who introduced himself as J atayu, the king ofbirds.

'I was a friend of your dead father,' Jatayu said, 'and I want you toconsider me your friend as wel l. '

Ram thanked Jatayu and the three continued on their way until they arrivedat a place called Panchavati where they decided to stay. But they were notdestined to remain there long. A demoness named Shurpanakha saw Ram one day andfell in love with him. She transformed herself into a beautiful young woman andwent to Ram.

'Become my husband,' she said to him. 'I will eat Sita and we can roam theforests happily together.'

Ram could not be tempted. 'I love my wife dearly . You must look elsewherefor a husband.'

Slighted, Shurpanakha tried to kill Sita, but Lakshman cut off her ears andnose and chased her into the forest.

Disfigured and longing for revenge,

Shurpanakha went to Janastan, the land of demons, ruled by her brother Khar.'Look at your sister's plight,' she roared in humiliation. 'You .must avenge mewith your hordes of demons. I thirst for the blood of Sita and Lakshman.' 'Iwill not rest until I have taken revenge,' Khar promised. He assembled an armyof 14,000 demons and set out for Panchavati.

The noise of the approaching army was so loud that the gods in their heavensheard it and looked down to see what was happening. When Ram saw the army, hehid Sita and Lakshman in a cave and as the demons came nearer, he shot a streamof arrows from his mighty bow. Soon only Khar was left alive. With a strengthborn from despair, Khar pulled the bow out of Ram's grasp and shattered Ram'sshield with his club. Then he uprooted a huge tree and hurled it at Ram, wholeaped out of its path just in time. Ram swiftly picked up the bow and againshowered Khar with a volley of arrows. Finally Khar, the last of the demonarmy, was also killed and the realm of the demons was utterly desolated.

In Heaven the gods heaved a sigh of relief. The mission for which Ram hadbeen put on Earth was soon to be accomplished .

The kingdom of Lanka had been created for Kuvera, the god of wealth, andeven its humblest buildings were made from solid gold: it was filled withsplendid gardens and white cloud-like mansions. Vishvakarma, the gods'architect, had originally suspended it in mid-air, but it now lay in the middleof the Indian Ocean where it had been flung by Vayu, ihe wind god, in a momentof fury. It is still there today and is known as the island of Sri Lanka. Thecapital of Lanka was protected by seven broad moats and seven enormous walls ofstone and metal, but Kuvera no longer ruled there because many years before,the demon Ravan had defeated him and taken the kingdom of Lanka from him.

Ravan was the brother of the demons Shurpanakha and Khar and was thecreature most hated by the gods. His mother was a demoness but his father was aBrahmin who had shown him how to pray and fast. He had prayed and fasted sodevotedly that the god Brahm a was compelled to grant him a special wish inpayment. Ravan had wished to be made invulnerable to attack by any god ordemon. Ravan was terrifying to look at, for he had twenty arms and ten heads.His teeth shone pale gold like the light of a crescent moon. His mountainousbody was covered with the ugly scars of a million battles with gods anddemons.

Ravan could split open mountains, stir up the seas and tear the sun and moonfrom the sky. Since no god could hurt him, Ravan humiliated the gods by forcingthem to do menial tasks in his palace. Vayu the wind god swept the floors forhim; Kuvera the god of wealth supplied him with gold ; Varuna the sea godbrought him water and Agni the fire god was his cook. Ravan was rapidlybecoming the most powerful of all creatures until Vishnu found a solution. WhenRavan had forced Brahma to grant him his wish, he had asked only for protectionagainst the gods and demons ; he had been too arrogant to feel threatened bymere men and animals. This gave Vishnu an id ea. He himself would be reborn toKing Dasharat in his seventh incarnation as his eldest son, Rama-chandra, andas a man he would bring about the downfall of this all-powerful demon.

He would not, however, be able to remember his previous existence as a godand would have to rely upon his human ability and courage alone. So, while Ramacted out his destiny, the gods bided their time, secure in the knowledge thatone day they would be free of Ravan. Meanwhile, Ravan lived in luxury in thebeautiful kingdom of Lanka.

One day, Ravan was sitting in his court with his many wives when he heardthe sounds of hysterical bellows and Shurpanakha burst into the room.

'Your sister thirsts for revenge,' the demo ness howled, rolling her hideouseyes. 'Our brother Khar and all of his demons have been destroyed by Ram ofKosala and he must be punished. l wi ll personally suck the blood of Lakshmanwho has lopped off my nose and ears, and the blood of Sita who is the cause ofmy trouble. Ram's beauty attracted me and l turned myself into a beautifulwoman to tempt him. l thought that no man could resist me, but I could notovercome Ram's love for Sita. She is more virtuous and lovely than any womanever known.' Bitterly, Shurpanakha described Sita's beauty.

Ravan immediately desired Sita for himself and decided to seize her at once.He summoned his magic chariot and flew across the ocean to the place where ademon named Marich lived. 'You must help me destroy this Ram and obtain hiswife Sita for me,' Ravan commanded, 'for Ram has killed 14,000 demons anddisfigured my sister wi thout provocation.'

'You do not know Ram,' replied Marich, 'he is perfection personified andcommands all the forces of good. You cannot defeat him.' 'Not even the godswith their combined powers can stop me,' thundered Ravan. 'You have forgottenmy power, how dare you contradict me! It is your place to obey . ow do as l sayor l will kill you.'

H e gave Marich careful instructions and took him to Panchavati where Ramand his wife and brother were living. There Marich transformed himself into agolden deer and began to graze peacefully in the clearing by Ram's home. Sitacaught sight of the deer as she walked among the flowers. It looked at her withmelting, sad eyes and she became enchanted by it. 'Ram, Lakshman,' she called.'Come and look at this deer. Catch it and bring it to me so that I will alwaysbe able to look at it.' Ram remembered the warning that a gazelle would be anill omen but Sita would not be convinced. Lakshman also tried to reason withher, explaining that the gazelle might be one of the few demons left, but Sitadid not believe there was any danger and finally Ram agreed to catch the deerfor her. However, he told Lakshman not to leave Sita's side and drew a circlearound her.

'This magic circle will protect you from demons. Do not step out of it untilI return with the deer,' he warned and left to try and catch the lovely animal.The chase was long but at last Ram was close enough to take aim. He intendedonly to wound the animal slightly so that he could catch it but he misfired andhis arrow sank deep into the deer's body. As it fell to the earth, it cried outin Ram's voice, 'Ah, Lakshman! Alas, my Sita!' Sita heard her husband's voicein the distance and thought that he must be hurt and in need of help. 'Go tohim immediately,' Sita told Lakshman, 'Ram needs you.'

Lakshman protested. 'Ram left me here to protect you,' he replied . 'He doesnot need my help.' But Sita wept and pleaded until he agreed to see if Ram hadindeed been wounded. o sooner had Lakshman disappeared into the forest than aholy man passed by. 'Who are you who live in the forest, yet are dressed insilk like one of noble birth' he asked. 'Do you have no protector' 'I amSita,' she replied, greeting the holy man respectfully, 'I live here with myhusband Ram and his brother Lakshman.' 'Then do your duty, virtuous Sita,' saidthe holy man, 'and provide me with some food.' Sita stepped out of the magiccircle to fetch food for the holy man and as soon as she had done so, he seizedher.

'I am the ten-headed Ravan, ruler of Lanka,' he announced. 'Become mybride-you shall command him who commands the gods.' Sita resisted, strugglingand pleading, but Ravan gripped her firmly by her hair and, fastening her tohis chariot, he flew with her through the air. As the chariot made its way tOLanka, Sita caught sight of the vulture Jatayu. 'King of birds,' she begged,'tell Ram that Ravan has kidnapped me.'

Jatayu swooped in front of the chariot, spreading his massive wings to barRavan's progress, but the demon drew his sword and sliced off one of the bird'swings so that he tumbled bleeding to the ground, calling to Sita. 'I cannothelp you, Sita, but I will tell R>m of your plight.'

As the chariot flew on, Sita threw her jewellery tO the ground, hoping tocreate a trail for Ram to follow. As they passed over a mountain peak farbelow, she saw a group of powerful monkeys and threw down ro them somejewellery and a scarf made from cloth of gold in the hope that if Ram came thatway in his search, the monkeys would show them to him .

All too soon, they arrived at Lanka where Ravan installed Sita in his palaceand started tO court her in the hope that she would agree to be his bride. Sitahowever had no intention of giving in to Ravan. She veiled her face andreminded him repeatedly that she was the wife of Ram and that she would neveragree ro marry him even if the penalty was death.

Finally, Ravan grew weary of her resistance and threw her into a grove ofashoka trees where she was guarded by female demons. 'If you do not come toyour senses within a year, I shall eat you,' he told her. Sita waiteddesperately for Ram to come and save her, but many months passed. Her clothesgrew tattered and dirty, her hair lost its shine, and her already slender bodrwasted away until she was scarcely more than skin and bone. Still Ram did notcome.

Yet the gods rejoiced, because they knew that the day would soon come whenRam would attack Lanka to rescue Sita and when that day arrived, Ravan wouldmeet his fate .

deer had rurned into a demon as it died but he 'as immediately 'orriedabout Sita's safety and ran back home. On the way he met Lakshman. 'Why ha,·eyou left Sita alone?' he demanded angrily. ' e heard your ,·oice and thoughtyou were in danger,' Lakshman explained, 'S1ta 1nsisted that I should see whyyou called.' Suspecting the worst, the rwo brothers hurried home. On the waythey saw Jatayu the ·ulture lying in a pool of blood.

'Ram,' whispered Jatayu. ' ;lake haste. Ravan, the demon-king of Lanka, hasabducted Sita. I could not sa,·e her, though !tried. But I am not sad for I cansee golden forests and fields and I know I am about to die and go to heaven.Ravan went southwards. Follow him. Do not despair, you will find Sita.'

Jatayu died and a chariot of fire swooped down and carried his spirit awayand out of the fbmes of the funeral pyre which Ram and Lakshman had lit forhim.

The brothers tra' elled southwards, searching for information about Sita.Soon they entered a terrifying forest which was filled with monsters and wildbeasts. Suddenly they saw the trees before them being ripped out of the soiland crushed underfoot. A huge ogre with arms the size of tree trunks wasstriding towards them, tearing up everything that stood in his way. The mostterrifying thing about him was that he had no head.

Ram and Lakshman had heard stories of this ogre and knew that his name wasKabandha. Lakshman trembled with fear for the first time in his life, and e,·enRam was not sure that they could defeat this creature, but the brothers did notintend to gi,·e up wi,hout a struggle. They ducked beneath his flailing armsand attacking at the same time, cut them off with their swords. Yith his armsse,·ered Kabandha lay wounded and helpless. Then in a gentle voice that seemedto come out of the air, he asked who had destroyed him. 'hen he found theywere Ram and Lakshman, he exclaimed joyfully, 'I am released at last!'

Kabandha then explamed that he was an 1m mortal who had tried to challengelndra's power. The angry god had cut ofi h1s head and told him that he wouldremain headless until Ram and Lakshman cut off h1s arms. 'Although 1 amimmortal, 1 now choose to die and I ask you to cremate my bod~· with all theproper ceremomes so that m· soul mav find release,' he told them. 'In return 1shall tell vou how you m1ght find Ita.'

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Ram d1d as Kabandha asked and as the flame>

rose h1gher, a rad1ant being emerged from the

fire and spoke to them.

'Go and find Sugriv, the exiled monkey-king. His brother Valin has usurpedh1s throne and you must help Sugri,· to regain 11. Sugnv and his monkeys willthen help ~·ou rescue Sita for these monkeys are of di,·ine origin and ha,·esuperhuman powers. Sugri,·'s father is said to be Surya the Sun.' Encouraged,Ram and Lakshman hurned on southward. Soon they arri,·ed at a lake wh1ch wasablaze with the dazzling colour and beauty of lotuses and lilies.

Ram waded across the lake, hea,-y-hearted with longing for Sita and as hestrode across. he saw a powerful monkey who was as tall as a tower. Themonkey's face blazed as red as a ruby and his body glowed like molten gold. Histail stretched out to an enormous distance and he stood on a lofty rock roaringlike thunder. As he saw the princes approach, he leaped agilely from the rockand flew O'er to them, speaking in a ,·oice which was gentle andrespectful.

'Know th at I am Hanuman, son of 'a~· u the god of the wind. ~lv master isugri,· the monkey king, who has lost his kingdom and hiS wife to his brother.' e heard that you were nearby and know vour reputations as warnor . Sugri,·has sent me to greet you and offer hi friendship.'

When Hanuman heard that the brothers had come to seek help, he asked them toit on his shoulders and wnh one m1ghrv leap he earned them to the mountainwhere ugn,· was. ugnv showed them the scarf and 1ewellen· that 'na had flungdown from Ravan's tlnng chanot.

'Help me win back m kingdom trom my wicked brother Valin,' said Sugriv,'and I

promise to help you bring back Sita.'

'We gladly agree to help you,' Ram promised. The next day Ram and Lakshmanset out with Sugriv, Hanuman and their small band of monkeys. They hidthemselves in the trees around Valin's city while Sugriv went forward to standat its gates and bellow terrifyingly to Valin to come out. Infuriated by thechallenge, Valin led his soldiers out for battle. The brothers fought angrilyin single hand-to-hand combat until Sugriv had to signal for Ram's help. WhenRam saw that his friend was weakening, he aimed his arrow at Valin's heart andkilled Valin instantly.

Ram had fulfilled his promise. Sugriv was king once again and was ready tohelp to find Sita. But the summer monsoons had come and the heavy rains madefurther search ing impossible. Ram had to wait for the summer's end before thesearch for Sita could begin again.

When the monsoon rain ended at last, it was time for Sugriv to pay his debtto Ram. Sugriv called Hanuman to him. Hanuman could fly and leap so high thathe could seize the clouds. H e was also a great magician and so knowledgeablethat he could interpret the shastras, the Hindu books of wisdom, better thananyone else. If anyone could find Sita, Hanuman could.

'In one month,' commanded Sugriv, 'you must report back with what you havefound.' Ram had no doubt that Hanuman would find his beloved Sita. 'As a tokenof my faith in you, Hanuman,' he said, 'here is my ring. When you see Sita,show it to her and she will know that you have come from me.' Hanuman set offwith an army of monkeys, and Jambavan the king of the bears and his army wenttoo. Thousands of monkeys and bears searched every corner of the land butwithout success. As the thirtieth day drew near, Hanuman was in despair,humiliated by his failure to find Sita. He called his army of searchers andmade an announcement. 'I have failed in my mission and wasted a month. I cannotface the humiliation of my failure and deserve to die.'

Hanuman was about to kill himself when one of his companions noticed aweak-looking vulture hovering above in the hope that he might make a meal ofthe dead monkey. The monkey waved to the bird and shouted, 'Your king] atayusaw the wife of Ram being carried away. Can you direct us to her?' The vulturerealized these were superhuman creatures on a virtuous quest: he decided tohelp them.

'I am Sampati, brother of Jatayu,' he said. 'My wings were burned once whenI flew too close to Surya the Sun god. I have lost my strength so I cannot helpyou physically, but I did once hear a woman calling to Ram and Lakshman asRavan's chariot flew overhead. I know that the demon lives on an island city ahundred leagues over the southern ocean. It was built by Vishvakarma and iscalled Lanka.'

Surya the Sun god had promised Sampati that his wings would grow strongagain if he ever helped Ram and the bird was still speaking when he found hisstrength returning and his feathe rs growing back. The bears and monkeysthanked him for his help and as the bird began to try his newly regained power,they sped off to the shores of the Indian Ocean. When they arrived, Hanumanbreathed in deeply, swelling his chest with the sea winds. He brandished histail, and thundered up a nearby mountain with a joyous but terrifying roar. Atthe top of the mountain, Hanuman paused and prayed, preparing for the mightyleap which would bring him to Lanka, alone, enormous and magnificent. None ofhis companions would be able to follow him.

Then Hanuman leaped into the air like an arrow, flying among the clouds andover the waves far below until he landed on the island of Lanka. When at lasthe reached its capital, he decided to wait until dark and then crawl throughthe gates, but the city's demon sentries noticed him and attacked him. Hanumanslew them all in the combat which followed.

Vicrorious, Hanuman marched into Ravan's palace and searched every terraceand room umil he was certain !hat Sita was not there. He was walking throughthe courtyards on his way out when he saw a light !!;linerin!!; through theleO·es of some ashoka trees. He sprang rowards them and saw !hat the light wascoming from ita who still glowed with a pale radiance. 'eak from distress andhunger. Ram' wife sat as still as a statue in her nef. A Hanuman wondered whatro do next, he heard a fanfare oi trumpets and Ra,·an am,·ed. As always Ra,·anspoke to ita of hiS Jo,·e and told her she was foolish ro pine ior Ram. whenhe. whom e,·en !he gods feared. •ns offerin to marry her. Bur ita refused 10 liten. and mstead drew a line in the ground between them.

' I will never Step across this lme, because I am Ram's wife and Jo,·e onlyhim. You should not look at the wiie of another man. [,·en now. if you rerum meto Ram, he mi ht iorgn·e you: she said. Furiously, Ra,·an turned awa~·- 'Iha,·e waited nearly a full year for you.' he bellowed. 'If you ha,·e notchanged your mind in two month when the year is complete. I '·ill han youslaughtered for m~· breakfast.· Then he marched out.

Hanuman dropped lithely ro the tloor as soon as Ra,·an had left. Head bowed.he approached Sita and respectfully showed her the ring which Ram had sent. Heintroduced himself, telling her. 'Ram rold me to find you. He is well andworries constant!~· about you.' ita asked tender!~- about Ram and Lak hman andinquired why the~- had not yet come to rescue her. Gently, Hanuman explainedho'· difficult it had been to find her. 'Tell Ram from me,' she said when shehad heard the whole srory. ' that I will live ior one month more. After that Iswear that I hall die.' ·~·in this she handed Hanuman a jewel so that he couldpro,·e he had seen her.

Hanuman promised faithfully 10 do as Ita said and flew off. intending to'reak a much h.-·oc and ruin in Lanka as he could before finallv retummg toRam with hi new . He began b,- destroym, the demones ·es who uarded Ita. 'henRann 's terrified courtier told him that a fearsome monkey had ripped apan theasho ·a ~rove. Ra,·an ent :,::: servaniS 10 StOp hlm but Hanuman round a duband cru hed rhe1r ull -.·lth one po-.·eriul s-.·ing. The,., he et Ravan'temple alight and destroyed many oi R.-·an's mmi>ter and 9>arnor .Finall,·. Ravan' mighue 1 on. Indraiit. hot an arrow '·h1<:h had been ::1vento Ra-·an b,· Brahma himseli and which had a spark of divine power. TheOtrro-.· tru Hanuman down and -.·bile he Ia' helpless he -.·as brou ht roRavan. Hanuman po e proud!~- even m cOtpunty.

'I am Hanuman. the on ot 'an• and me sen~er of Ram. I ha,·e had to ii!;htm~ way mto rour presence to deliver Ram' message. Return ita to her truehusband. Thi 1 Ram's order md ir you do not obe~· 1t you ''II be destroyed.'Ra-·an was o enraged by Hmuman' -.·ord that he wanted to ha-·e him killed onthe spot but hiS mimsters had another idea.

'It 1 unwiSe to kill themes en er oi an enemy.' !hey ad,·ised. 'ny not!il'·e Ram m idea o' our power instead by erring Hmuman' taJ! ali ht? Amonke~·'s tail is mo t importmt to him aiter all. md without It he will be asdeformed as your unlucky sister hurpanakha.' R.-·an roared wirh appro,·al at!he U!(~e tion. so the demons reased Hmuman' tail and wrapped it with p1ece ofcononwool ro make it bum easily. Hanuman' tail was et ali bt but alrhough the!lames blazed tiercel,-. the ire ;:od Agni protected Hanuman and he did notfeel !heir heat. As he prepared to Jea,·e Lmka. Hmuman decided ro make one lastanempt to disor anize !he island before the -.·ar be!(an. He made a mightyleap onto Ra,·an' fortre where he lashed hi enormou . curved tail so that firerained down on the terrace md courryard until the whole ci~- was one mas i,-eilame. Then. thanking Agm for hi. aid and offering !he bummg '~- to h1m as aacritlce. he rm to !he beaches and plun ed hi tailmto the ocem to put out thefire. 'irh another m1 h~·leap he returned to the mountam on the mainlmd wherehe was gl·en a hero· welcome md proudly told the mon ·en and the beus about hiadventure . Then they

Hanuman gave Sita's jewel to Ram and told him everything that had happenedwhile he had been away. Ram immediately set out with the monkeys and the bearsfor the sou themmost shores of India. Soon after they arrived, a figureapproached Ram and identified himself. 'I am Vibhishan, the brother of Ravan,'he said. 'I have tried to persuade Ra,·an to return Sita to you and stop thebloodshed, but he will not listen to reason so I have come to help Ram in anyway I can. I have a special power; I can see !ndrajit, Ravan's warrior son,wherever he may be. That may prove helpful to Ram in the fight which liesahead.'

Rama thanked Vibhishan and swore to protect him since he had left his homeand family to help him. Then Ram made his way down to the shore to pray for thehelp of Sagar, the god of the ocean, in crossing o'·er to Lanka. On Sagar'sadvice, the monkeys built a bridge to cross the hundred leagues of oceanbetween India and Lanka and soon Ram, Lakshman and the armies of bears andmonkeys had arrived on the island. The monkeys quickly spread out along thebeaches, taking up guard and shouting excitedly. Ram then sent a message toRavan. 'I ha,·e arri,·ed on Lanka. Return my wife or I shall destroy you andyour demons '·ith my arrows. If you do not obey my warning, you will losee·erything.'

Ravan was infuriated by Ram's arrogant message and ordered his mighty sonIndrajit to march out against him. The battle raged fiercely, but Ram's forceswere doing well until Indrajit made himself in,·isible and shot Ram andLakshman with his magic arrow. It was the same arrow that had struck downHanuman, for it always returned to its owner after it had been used and itne,·er missed its target. The arrow injured both of the brothers severely andlndrajit then began shooting at the others-many monkeys and bears were woundedby his arrows for they could not see where the next attack would come from. Atlast Ra'3n's brother Vibhishan used his own special powers to find Indrajitand wound him: lndrajit was forced to withdraw, boasting that he had killed Ramand Lakshman. The surviving bears and monkeys gazed mournfully down at Ram'sunconscious body and to their relief, saw him stir. Suddenly there was a greatflash of fire in the sky. Out of it emerged a magnificent eagle: it wasVishnu's mount, Garuda. Swooping down like a fiery meteor he spoke to Ram, 'Ihave been sent to restore you and Lakshman back to health.' He then embracedthem both, filling them with new life, and flew back into the sky. In hispalace, Ravan heard the excited cheers of the monkeys and rallied the best ofhis warriors. Fearsome demons charged out of the city but Hanuman killed themall single-handedly, and Ravan and his soldiers were driven back. Ravan knewhis only chance now was to awaken his brother, the gluttonous giant Kumbhakarnawho slept for six months of the year. It took the noise of everyone in the cityto wake him but after much persuasion, Kumbhakarna agreed to help Ravan andgulped down 2000 jars of liquor to strengthen himself before setting out tokill Ram. Kumbhakarna drunkenly lurched towards Ram's armies whirling his macearound his head. The battle seemed lost and once more the bears and monkeyswere slaughtered in their hundreds. Ram once again set his bow to work, aiminga steady stream of arrows at the giant. At last, Kumbhakama fell to the groundbut he still waved his arms and legs about and knocked down whole troops ofmonkeys before Ram raised his bow and killed him with a deadly arrow. For atime, the fighting ceased but soon !ndrajit had recovered enough to return tothe battle. He flew in his chariot abo'e the ranks of bears and monkeys,showering them with arrows and lances. Only when J ambavan, Sugriv, Ram andLakshman had all been wounded did Indrajit withdraw to his palace and thebattle ended for the day.

That night, Jambavan the king of the bears wid Hanuman of some healing herbson :1ount Kailash, the home of Shiv. 'The herbs will heal our wounded,' hesaid, 'if )'OU can find them.' Hanuman flew directly to Kailash but was unable10 recognize the herbs. Desperate to rerum before dawn, he tore off the wholetop of the mountain and brought it to Jambavan, who selected the right herbsand cured the injured. Then Hanuman put the summit back in its original place.Filled with new strength and enthusiasm, the monkeys were now determined to endthis bitter war swiftly. King Sugriv led them m a charge onto the battlementsof Ra,•an's fortress and set the city ablaze. In the following battle, theykilled all the remaining demon warriors except Indrajit and Ravan himself. Withall h1s warriors dead, the ten-headed king turned to his son.

'Ram is mighty, but you have proved yourself to be mightier, because youhave already wounded him twice. Kill Ram and Lakshman and we can still win thiswar.' !ndrajit attacked again, using every demonic trick he knew to weaken Ramand Lakshman. In order to disheanen Ram, he conjured up an image of Sita in hiscarriage, an image which looked as if she had been beheaded. Then he againattacked from the sky, but finally Lakshman notched an arrow which had beengiven to h1m by Indra and shot it at Indrajit. The arrow ripped the demon'shead from h1s shoulders and the demon was defeated at last. . ow there wasnothmg left for Ravan but to fight Ram himself. Hea')'-hearted at the loss ofhis favourite son, Ra,·an charged out of h1s fortress in his magic chanot. Heflew into the air and began to shoot arrows down at Ram with all h1s twentyarms. The gods cons1dered this was unfair and they sent Matali the hea,·enlycharioteer to ra1se h1m up to an equal height. Then Ram chanted a hymn to thegods and drinking three sips of water purified himself and continued the fightwith Ra,·an. Finally, his arrow pierced Ra,·an's hean and knocked him out ofhis chariot and onto the ground.

Ra,·an 's brother, Vibhishan, looked at the once powerful demon lying deadon the ground caked in blood and dust. 'If only you had done as I said,' hewept, 'all this destruction could ha,·e been avoided.' Ram laid his hand onVibhishan's shoulder, 'You are a hero. Heroes must fight to the death. It isnot suitable for you to grie,·e in this manner. Now prepare to gi,·e yourbrother a proper funeral.'

Ha,·ing buried Ravan 'ith all the proper rites, Vibhishan was crowned kingof Lanka in his place. After the ceremony, Ram sent Hanuman to gi,·e Sita thenews of his victory. Hanuman entered the ashoka grove with his head held highand his heart full of happiness. He bowed deeply before Sita, who was waitinganxiously for news of Rama. ' I bring you joyful news, my queen,' he said. 'Ramhas asked me to tell you that the war is o,·er, Ravan is dead and right hastriumphed.' As he spoke, King Vibhishan's carriage approached in all itssplendour. The newly crowned king alighted from the carriage and bowed beforeSita.

'If it pleases you, the women of my family shall attend to you and prepareyou to meet Ram again.' Sita wept ' 'ith joy when she kne' Ram and Lakshmanwere safe and that she ' 'as about to be united with her husband. She wasbathed in Vibhishan's palace, dressed in silks and adorned with jewels. Herhair was threaded with pearls and her skin perfumed with the most delicate andexotic fragrances. When she was ready, Vibhishan instructed his servants tobring out the most magnificent palanquin to carry her to Ram. It stopped by Ramand Sita stepped nimbly down, delighted to be reunited with her husband . Shelooked up at him shyly yet jubilantly but was stunned by his harshexpression.

'Daughter of Janak,' he said sternly, 'I have slain the enemy and rescuedyou. I have done my duty and satisfied the demands of honour. But I cannot takeyou back. You have been touched by Ravan. How can I know that you are pure? Youare free to go where you choose, I have no desire for you.' 'If I was touchedby Ravan,' replied Sita with spirit, 'it was not because I chose it. It seems Ihave waited a long time for a man who does not love me but fought a war merelyto satisfy his honour. I married a valiant prince who defended the weak, butyou speak now of mistrust and blame like a coarse commoner. You knew my plightwhen Hanuman told you where I was. Why did you not leave me to my resources? Ihave no reason to live if my character and my past devotion mean nothing toyou.' She turned to Lakshman. 'Prepare a funeral pyre. I intend to enter theflames.' Lakshman looked at Ram but Ram did not try to prevent him, so he didas Sita asked. When the pyre was ready, Sita walked three times around Ram, andprayed to the gods. As she entered the flames Sita whispered a prayer to Agni,god of fire. 'Protect me Agni for you know that I am pure of heart andbody.'

Fearlessly Sita stood in the blazing flames awaiting her fate. As theywatched, she was suddenly lifted up in the arms of Agni who appeared out of theflames and fixed his intense gaze on Ram. 'Ram,' he said. 'Your wife is chasteand sinless. Embrace her and return to Ayodhya to rule there with her at yourside.'

As he spoke all the gods appeared before them. Last of all came Ram's deadfather Dasharat in a flying chariot. He spoke gently to his son. 'Ram, you haveplayed your part in a plan of the gods for they themselves could not destroythe demon Ravan. Sita's abduction and suffering were a part of the same plan.If she had not been abducted by Ravan, you would have had no reason to fighthim.'

As they entered the city, they met Bharat dressed in ragged clothes, hisface saddened by his long separation from his brothers and the unwantedresponsibility of ruling the kingdom. When he saw his brother, Bharat'sexpression changed to one of joy. He immediately bowed to the ground and putthe gold sandals on Ram's feet . Ram embraced Bharat and blessed him andtogether they all returned to the palace. They were received by the court sageVasishta who seated Ram and Sita on the jewelled throne and blessed themboth.

Other Resources

1. Mahabharata Stories

2. Leela - An exploration of Krishna'sPath by Sadhguru. A free weekly webstream.

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